Proceedings International Conference on Business, Economics & Management

Governance through Debt: Blockholder Structure, Market Timing, and Leverage Recapitalization Decisions

2025-11-20T13:39:17+07:00

This study examines how blockholder ownership structures and market timing influence corporate leverage recapitalization decisions in Indonesian non-financial firms. Utilizing a sample from 2014–2023, the research employs logistic regression to analyze recapitalization events exceeding a 5% materiality threshold. Findings reveal that concentrated blockholder ownership significantly shapes recapitalization, employing leverage as a strategic governance mechanism to align management interests and mitigate agency costs. Furthermore, firms demonstrate a pronounced sensitivity to market timing, strategically executing recapitalizations to exploit favorable equity valuations. The high ownership concentration characteristic of the Indonesian market underscores debt's role as a pivotal tool for blockholder monitoring and risk management, thereby defining corporate financial policy in this emerging economy.

How Do Corporate Social Responsibility Practices Affect the Job Pursuit Intention of Gen Z In Yogyakarta Province?

2025-11-26T09:12:36+07:00

This study aims to examine the influence of various dimensions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on undergraduate students' job pursuit intentions in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed online through email and social media platforms. A purposive sampling technique was used to ensure that only respondents who met the specified criteria were included in the study. A total of 105 valid responses were obtained. The data were then processed and analyzed using multiple regression in SPSS to determine the effect of each CSR dimension on job pursuit intention. The findings indicate that all CSR dimensions examined in the study have a positive and significant impact on students’ intention to pursue employment with companies that demonstrate strong CSR practices, suggesting that CSR plays an important role in shaping prospective employees’ preferences and career decisions.

Digital ESG Analytics: A Bibliometric Review of AI-Driven Sustainability Research (2010–2025)

2025-11-27T10:37:47+07:00

This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric mapping of Digital ESG Analytics by synthesizing evidence from 643 peer-reviewed publications published between 2010 and 2025. Using data extracted from Google Scholar and Scopus and analyzed with VOSviewer, the study demonstrates a sharp rise in research output beginning in 2023, reflecting growing global demand for transparent, technology-enabled ESG assessment. The keyword co-occurrence analysis maps eight major thematic clusters—ranging from ESG reporting, AI-driven analytics, technological innovation, machine learning models, and sustainability goals to sector-specific ESG applications—illustrating how the field has shifted from descriptive ESG discussions toward predictive, automated, and data-intensive approaches. Overlay visualization further highlights the temporal evolution of research, with recent years dominated by themes such as NLP-based sentiment analysis, generative AI, real-time analytics, and digital ESG integration. Co-author network examination indicates fragmented global collaboration, with a small number of regional clusters—particularly from East Asia—forming the primary collaborative nodes. Building on these findings, the study outlines three major research gaps: (1) conceptual limitations such as the lack of integrated theoretical frameworks; (2) methodological constraints, including limited high-quality datasets and insufficient use of advanced analytical techniques; and (3) contextual and sectoral gaps involving under-representation of SMEs, emerging markets, and resource-constrained environments. Correspondingly, the study proposes future research directions that encourage theoretical consolidation, methodological strengthening, greater transparency and explainability in AI-enabled ESG models, and broader exploration of sectoral and geographical contexts. Overall, the study enhances understanding of the structure, evolution, and research frontiers of Digital ESG Analytics, offering valuable insights for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to advance data-driven sustainability governance

Dual Mediation of Behavioral Commitment and Transformational Leadership In Enhancing SME Performance

2025-12-17T05:16:37+07:00

This study investigates how entrepreneurial orientation and network capability influence small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) performance through the dual mediating roles of behavioral commitment and transformational leadership. While prior studies have extensively examined the direct effects of strategic orientation and networking on performance, empirical evidence explaining the internal mechanisms through which these strategic resources are transformed into performance outcomes remains limited, particularly in community-based and women-led SME contexts. Drawing on strategic entrepreneurship and leadership theories, this study proposes and tests a dual mediation model using data collected from 222 SMEs operating within the Bhayangkari organizational environment in Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS to assess both the measurement and structural models. The results demonstrate that entrepreneurial orientation and network capability significantly enhance behavioral commitment and transformational leadership. In turn, both mediators exert strong positive effects on SME performance, exceeding the magnitude of the direct effects of entrepreneurial orientation and network capability. Mediation analysis confirms that behavioral commitment and transformational leadership jointly function as critical transmission mechanisms linking strategic orientation and relational capability to performance outcomes. The findings contribute to the SME and entrepreneurship literature by integrating strategic orientation, behavioral commitment, and leadership perspectives into a unified explanatory framework. Practically, the study highlights the importance of leadership development and behavioral capacity-building initiatives in maximizing the performance impact of entrepreneurial strategies and networking efforts, particularly within semi-formal, community-based SME ecosystems. Overall, this research offers a nuanced understanding of how SME performance is constructed through the interaction of strategy, behavior, and leadership in emerging economy contexts.

Personality, Job Stress, and Quality of Work Life as Determinants of Employee Performance

2025-11-29T12:45:51+07:00

In a professional environment, employee performance is an important factor for a company's success. Employee performance is the key to the company's sustainability and development, but optimal performance is not only influenced by skills and experience, but also by psychological factors and the work environment. Some of the psychological factors that affect performance include personality, work stress, and quality of work life. Previous research on these three variables has produced diverse findings, so further research needs to be done. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of personality, work stress, and quality of work life on employee performance at CV Sinar Mas Agung Semarang. This study uses a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 200 employees. The research instrument used the Likert scale and the data were analyzed using SPSS. This study used multiple linear regression analysis to examine the influence of personality, work stress, and quality of work life. The results of the study show that personality has a positive influence on employee performance, work stress has a negative influence on employee performance, and the quality of work life has a positive influence on employee performance. Personality variables, work stress, and quality of work life have a significant influence on employee performance

Navigating Dual Roles: How Perceived Work-Life Balance Shapes Recovery Experience and Well-Being of Student Workers in Service Industries

2025-11-29T12:49:10+07:00

Student-workers in postgraduate education represent a growing and increasingly visible workforce segment, yet research on how mature learners navigate the intersection of academic progression, employment responsibilities, and personal life remains limited. Unlike traditional undergraduates, postgraduate workers aged 28-55 often manage wider spheres of responsibility, including family caregiving, organizational leadership, and long-term financial obligations, which makes their work-study-life equilibrium uniquely complex. Grounded in work-life balance theory, recovery experience, and subjective well-being, this study investigates how postgraduate students employed in cafés, retail services, public institutions, professional offices, and other customer-facing roles negotiate dual-role demands while pursuing advanced degrees. Using a qualitative exploratory design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten respondents working 20-30 hours per week alongside ongoing postgraduate coursework and research. The study centers on three core questions: (1) How do postgraduate student-workers perceive and sustain work-life balance? (2) What recovery strategies help them regulate stress, fatigue, and emotional strain? (3) How do these mechanisms reinforce subjective well-being, academic clarity, and personal growth as long-term learners and workers?. Findings reveal that boundary-setting, time-blocking routines, micro-recovery activities, reflective or spiritual grounding, and intentional psychological detachment serve as core balancing strategies. Well-being is supported by schedule autonomy, academic-work alignment, and socio-emotional support from family or peers, whereas challenges commonly include research deadlines, rigid scheduling, emotional overload, and domestic responsibilities that intersect with academic demands more heavily than expected. Theoretically, this study extends work-life balance and recovery literature into the postgraduate context, highlighting the psychosocial load experienced by mature dual-role learners. Practically, the findings offer insight for universities and service-sector employers to develop flexible and humane policy structures that reduce burnout risk, support research continuity, and sustain academic-professional performance among adult students. This study further recommends institutional collaboration in designing mentoring systems, time-management literacy, and recovery-supportive academic environments for postgraduate workers to thrive.

The Role of Hard Skills and Soft Skills in Work Readiness

2025-11-29T12:54:27+07:00

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of hard skills and soft skills on work readiness. The respondents were employees of companies based in Semarang City. The total number of respondents in this study was 105. The analytical tool used was SPSS version 27. The tests conducted included instrument testing (validity and reliability), model testing (coefficient of determination and F-test), and the t-test. The data analysis results show that hard skills have a significant positive effect on work readiness. Soft skills also have a significant positive impact on work readiness. This study provides both theoretical and practical implications. It also has several limitations and offers directions for future research.

The Impact of Strategic Orientation, Digital Engagement, and Market Dynamism on the Performance of Bangladesh's Garment Industry

2025-11-29T12:57:31+07:00

This study makes use of the theory of technological acceptance and strategic management theories and a quantitative research design using structured questionnaire format to obtain professional data of the industry. The analysis has shown that both PU and PEU present a strong positive influence in the context of Perceived General Impact (PGI) which means that when organizations consider new systems or technologies to hold real potential and to be easy to use, they tend to adopt them properly to enhance their working process. Not to mention that SOR is a significant complementary to PGI, which means that the companies intending to succeed will be motivated to follow a particular strategic vision and focus on innovation, client orientation, and active market business attitude. The impact exerted by MDY on PGI is a positive one, which means that adequately controlled dynamic market conditions may enhance innovation and agility in the industry. The study superior to the existing body of literature because it combines technology perception variables alongside strategic and market-related constructs and gives a holistic view of performance antecedents in the garment business. It provides practical ideas to executives of the industry, legislators, and developers of technologies as it points out the difficulty of strategic planning, continuous market survey, and enabling technologies as they ensure sustainable results. The conclusions point to the need of harmonizing the internal strategy and pursuing the trends in the market and technological enablers with a view of achieving a competitive advantage in the garment business.

The Influence of Work Motivation, Work Environment, and Work Discipline on the Productivity of Cutting Department Employees at PT Mas Arya Semarang

2025-11-30T16:44:46+07:00

Human resources are a key asset for organizations because a company’s success depends on employee performance and productivity. Work productivity reflects the ability to use available facilities effectively to generate optimal output. Factors that may influence productivity include work motivation, work environment, and work discipline. This study aims to analyze the effect of work motivation, work environment, and work discipline on the productivity of cutting department employees at PT Mas Arya Semarang. The research used a quantitative approach with a simple random sampling technique involving 74 respondents. Data were analyzed using SPSS through multiple linear regression and t-tests. The results show that work motivation and work environment have a positive but insignificant effect on employee productivity. Meanwhile, work discipline has a positive and significant effect, indicating that higher discipline strongly contributes to increased employee productivity.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Enhancing Guest Experiences through Operational Efficiency in Luxury Hotels in Kuala Lumpur

2025-11-30T16:47:13+07:00

This study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on enhancing guest experiences and operational efficiency in luxury hotels in Kuala Lumpur. With AI revolutionizing the hospitality sector, the study aims to explore the role of AI tools, including smart room features, chatbots, and facial recognition, in improving hotel services. The objective was to assess how these AI innovations influence operational efficiency, personalization, and overall guest satisfaction. A quantitative approach was used, collecting data through structured surveys from 400 participants, including both hotel guests and staff. The findings indicate that Smart Room IoT is the most effective AI tool in improving both efficiency and guest satisfaction. Service speed was positively impacted, though error minimization and full personalization still require improvement. Guest satisfaction and loyalty were positively correlated with AI adoption, though variability in responses suggests that perceptions of AI differ among guests. The study highlights the need for further refinement of AI tools and a balance between technology and human interaction to preserve the personal touch in hospitality. Implications suggest that hotels must standardize AI systems and refine personalization strategies to meet diverse guest expectations while addressing ethical concerns such as data privacy.

The Convergence of Fintech and Green Finance, Digital Financial Solutions for Hospital Sustainability

2025-12-03T09:22:56+07:00

The implementation of green financial technology and financing in hospitals requires a comprehensive strategic approach to maximize the positive impact on institutional sustainability A comprehensive study of the convergence of financial technology and green financing confirms the strategic potential of integrating these two dimensions in strengthening the sustainability of hospital operations. Digital transformation in healthcare sector has opened strategic opportunities to integrate financial technology with green finance to achieve hospital operational sustainability. This research analyzes the convergence between financial technology and green finance in the context of healthcare institutional sustainability through comprehensive library research approach. The research method involves systematic analysis of academic literature from reputable databases focusing on publications from 2021 to 2025. The inclusion criteria set include to ensure the relevance and up-to-date of information, articles published in indexed and reputable journals, as well as studies that explicitly address financial technology, green finance, or sustainability in the health sector Findings indicate that digital financial technology provides positive contribution to economic sustainability of healthcare institutions through operational efficiency improvement and financing access facilitation. The synergy between green finance and financial technology creates financial ecosystem that drives sustainable transformation with amplificative impact on achieving triple bottom line objectives. Determinants of financial technology adoption are influenced by perceived ease of use, trust, facilitative conditions, and adequate digital infrastructure. Effective implementation requires adaptive regulatory framework, information-communication technology infrastructure investment, and inter-institutional collaboration. This research provides strategic recommendations for policymakers and healthcare practitioners in adopting. digital financial solutions that support long-term sustainability with holistic approach integrating economic, environmental, and social dimensions in sustainable healthcare delivery ecosystem.

The Influence of Organizational Ethical Culture, Individual Morality and Love of Money on Fraud Management of Village Funds in Bunga Mas District, South Bengkulu Regency

2025-12-03T09:57:47+07:00

Abstract

This research aims to examine the influence of organizational ethical culture, individual morality and love of money on fraudulent management of village funds. This research was conducted in 10 villages in Bunga Mas District, South Bengkulu Regency.The population in this research is all village officials in Bunga Mas District who are involved in managing village funds, using purposive sampling techniques. This research uses a quantitative approach, the data collection method in this research uses primary data obtained from the results of distributing questionnaires. Respondents in this study were 54 respondents consisting of village heads, village secretaries, finance heads/treasurers, government heads, service heads and welfare heads. The data analysis technique uses multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS 25 program.The results of this research show that organizational ethical culture has a negative effect on fraudulent management of village funds, individual morality has a negative effect on fraudulent management of village funds and love of money has no effect on fraudulent management of village funds in Bunga Mas sub-district, South Bengkulu Regency.

Keywords: Fraudulent Village Fund Management, Individual Morality, Love of Money, Organizational Ethical Culture

The Role of Digital Technology in Driving Financial Innovation and Green Economic Sustainability

2025-12-03T10:15:31+07:00

The rapid development of digital technologies has become a key driver of financial innovation that contributes to accelerating the transition toward a green economy. The integration of technologies such as big data analytics, blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and digital financial platforms has expedited financial innovation capable of enhancing financial inclusion, transaction efficiency, and the transparency of financial systems. Existing literature indicates that digitalization enables greater accessibility to green financing through mechanisms such as fintech lending, green crowdfunding, and data-driven environmental risk assessment. This literature review aims to analyze the role of various digital technologies—including fintech, blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and the Internet of Things (IoT)—in creating financial solutions that are more inclusive, efficient, and sustainable. Blockchain technology also contributes to carbon footprint verification, sustainable supply chain tracking, and more accountable issuance of green bonds. Furthermore, the use of AI and big data supports more accurate climate risk measurement and assists financial institutions in making environmentally responsible investment decisions. IoT technologies play an important role by providing real-time data on energy efficiency and industrial operations, thus encouraging companies to improve their sustainability performance. The methodology employed includes a comprehensive literature review of international journals, global institutional reports, and indexed academic publications from 2015 to 2025. The findings indicate that digital technologies can improve the accuracy of green project risk assessments, strengthen the transparency of sustainable financing, and support environmental impact verification through real-time data. However, challenges such as digital inequality, cybersecurity threats, and regulatory readiness remain key obstacles. Overall, this review highlights that digital technology plays a strategic role in driving financial innovation while

reinforcing green economic sustainability, with significant implications for policymakers, the financial sector, and the technology industry.

Keywords: digital technology, financial innovation, green economic

ESG and Financial Performance in Banking Sector: The Moderating Role of Institutional Ownership (2023–2024)

2025-12-03T10:27:33+07:00

This study examines the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure on financial performance and investigates the moderating role of institutional ownership within the framework of legitimacy theory. The sample consists of banking firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2023–2024 period, and the data are analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The findings reveal that ESG disclosure has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, highlighting the role of sustainability transparency in strengthening corporate legitimacy and enhancing economic value. Although institutional ownership does not directly influence financial performance, it is found to strengthen the positive effect of ESG disclosure on financial performance. The findings emphasize legitimacy as a key mechanism through which ESG practices translate into financial outcomes and suggest that institutional investors strengthen the impact of ESG disclosure.

Improving Healthcare Quality Through Lean Management: Best Practices In Hospital Operation

2025-12-04T09:50:37+07:00

Transforming healthcare quality requires a systematic approach to optimizing hospital operational efficiency amidst resource constraints and increasing patient expectations. The global healthcare industry currently faces significant challenges in balancing service quality improvement with optimal operational efficiency. This study aims to identify and analyze optimal lean management implementation practices to improve hospital operational quality through a comprehensive, structured, systematic literature review employing rigorous methodological standards. The research methodology uses the PRISMA protocol with an in-depth analysis of five high-quality articles from 2020-2024 sourced from leading academic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The article selection process comprised three comprehensive stages: title screening, abstract evaluation, and full-text analysis, to ensure the validity and reliability of the research findings. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly applied to ensure the quality of the articles analyzed. The results show that the implementation of lean instruments such as value stream mapping, kaizen, and 5S resulted in significant multidimensional improvements in various aspects of hospital operations. Waiting time reductions reached 30-50%, patient satisfaction amplification by 15-25%, operational cost reductions by up to 80%, and process cycle duration reductions by up to 60%. Determining factors for success include consistent transformational leadership, comprehensive and ongoing staff education, the establishment of a culture of continuous improvement, and a holistic, participatory approach involving all levels of the organization from management to operational staff. Key identified barriers included resistance to organizational change and workload intensification, which required specific mitigation strategies. The study concluded that lean management is an effective strategy in transforming the healthcare ecosystem when implemented through a systematic approach that simultaneously integrates technical, managerial, and organizational dimensions to achieve sustainable quality improvement and long-term impact on hospital performance.

Digital Transformation on Service Quality in Medical Check-Up Services

2025-12-04T09:53:55+07:00

Medical check-up (MCU) services are important for preventing health issues, but healthcare providers often struggle with day-to-day challenges that affect how well they deliver care. Traditional manual ways of doing things can lead to long waits, hard-to-manage schedules, and inconsistent service quality, which means new technology is needed to meet what patients expect in today's digital world. This study looks at how digital transformation efforts affect different aspects of service quality in medical check-up settings. Using a systematic literature review (SLR) method, it explores how technology adoption improves patient-centered care by systematically analyzing existing research from reputable academic databases. The SLR methodology involves identifying, screening, and synthesizing peer-reviewed articles published within the last decade, focusing on empirical studies that demonstrate measurable impacts of digital technologies on healthcare service delivery. The review examines various digital solutions including electronic health records, online appointment systems, mobile health applications, and automated diagnostic tools. These technologies are evaluated based on their impact on the five key dimensions of service quality: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and tangibles. The findings show that digital transformation helps improve several areas of service quality. Electronic systems make services more reliable by reducing mistakes and making care more consistent. They also improve responsiveness with tools like automatic scheduling and instant communication. Real-time data integration and cloud-based platforms facilitate seamless information sharing among healthcare teams. Digital platforms enable more personalized interactions and better communication between healthcare providers and patients. Patient portals and telemedicine capabilities extend access to care beyond traditional office hours. These changes also make operations significantly more efficient, leading to a better overall experience. Digital tools are key to improving service quality in medical check-ups, but they need to be properly integrated and staff must be trained effectively. This research provides practical insights for healthcare managers implementing digital transformation strategies.

Digital Marketing, Digital Finance, and Electronic Payment Systems as Drivers of SME Financial Performance: A Conceptual Framework for Emerging Economies

2025-12-04T09:56:50+07:00

This conceptual paper investigates the unique theoretical connections between the adoption of digital technologies, namely digital marketing, digital finance, and electronic payment systems, and the financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in emerging economies, particularly within the Nigerian context. While empirical research frequently treats digital transformation as a singular entity, this paper employs a multi-theoretical framework, incorporating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Resource-Based View (RBV), and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory, to analyze the specific value contributions of various digital tools. The study formulates a detailed conceptual framework and puts forth a series of theoretical propositions, contending that digital finance improves capital liquidity, digital marketing facilitates market growth through network effects, and electronic payment systems minimize transaction friction. The proposed framework serves as a guide for future researchers to empirically validate these distinct pathways and offers policymakers a theoretical foundation for targeted interventions in digital infrastructure.

The Role of Human Resource and Communication Competencies on Public Service Performance and Community Satisfaction: A Systematic Literature Review

2025-12-05T08:29:36+07:00

This study applies the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method as a preliminary study to investigate the role of human resource (HR) competencies and communication competencies in shaping public service performance and community satisfaction. Drawing from more than 20 peer-reviewed journal articles and empirical studies across global and Indonesian contexts, this review highlights the mediating role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) in public administration. The findings reveal that interpersonal and technical competencies, combined with clear and empathetic communication, are fundamental to enhancing service efficiency, responsiveness, and citizen trust. The study contributes to theory and policy by mapping trends, identifying research gaps, and offering recommendations for competency development in public institutions.

Talent Management as a Governance Strategy to Improve Employee Performance Through Organizational Culture

2025-12-05T08:33:09+07:00

This study investigates the role of talent management in improving employee performance through the mediating effect of organizational culture within Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), particularly following the implementation of the AKHLAK core values framework. While previous studies have primarily focused on the direct impact of talent management on performance, limited research has examined the strategic function of organizational culture as a mediating mechanism in public-sector institutions. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 63 employees of PT Sucofindo Samarinda and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results suggest that talent management has a significant impact on both organizational culture and employee performance. Furthermore, organizational culture fully mediates this relationship, underscoring its crucial role in translating strategic HR practices into effective performance outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of aligning talent management systems with institutional cultural values to enhance employee productivity and organizational effectiveness in bureaucratic environments.

Analysis of the Relationship Between Chatbot AI Ease of Use and the Level of Academic Misconduct: A Case Study of Accounting Students at the University of Bengkulu City

2025-12-09T09:37:16+07:00

This research aims to analyze the causal relationship between Chatbot AI Ease of Use and the Level of Academic Misconduct among Accounting Students at the University of Bengkulu City. Using a quantitative survey method and analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study involved active Accounting students who have experience using Chatbot AI. The hypothesis testing results unequivocally show a strong, positive, and significant relationship (β = 0.671, p < 0.001) between Chatbot AI Ease of Use and the Level of Academic Misconduct (H1 supported). Furthermore, Academic Misconduct was found to be at a moderate to high level (Mean = 3.55), indicating that AI convenience has eroded academic integrity in a population that is supposed to uphold strong professional ethics (H2 supported). The conclusion confirms that technological ease is a dominant predictor threatening the quality of graduates, necessitating prompt action by educational institutions to formulate explicit AI policies and revise academic assessment methods.

Toward Fair and Ethical Teacher Evaluation: A Qualitative SLR on AI-Enhanced Value-Added Approaches

2025-12-11T13:24:02+07:00

Abstract
The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into education has reshaped how student learning is monitored and how teachers are evaluated, raising new questions about fairness, ethics, and equity. This qualitative systematic literature review synthesizes findings from 24 empirical and conceptual studies to examine how Value-Added Models (VAM), knowledge tracing techniques, and generative AI (GenAI) tools are being integrated into teacher evaluation systems. The review identifies three dominant themes: (1) persistent validity and bias concerns in traditional VAMs, particularly regarding socioeconomic status (SES), cultural differences, and missing data (Chetty et al., 2014; Rothstein, 2010); (2) the emerging role of machine learning and autoregressive knowledge tracing models in improving prediction accuracy and capturing students’ self-regulated learning behaviors (Piech et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2025); and (3) the ethical implications and equity risks associated with AI-enhanced assessments, including AI trust, cultural fairness, and teacher anxiety (Kong & Yang, 2024; Tossell et al., 2024). The synthesis highlights that while AI-enhanced VAM frameworks show promising improvements, with reported accuracy gains of 5–12% and bias reductions to under 5%, there is limited qualitative evidence on how teachers, students, and school leaders perceive these systems. The review proposes a human-centered, ethically informed framework that integrates GenAI transparency, SRL behavioral indicators, and bias-correction mechanisms to support fair teacher evaluation. Future research should employ cross-cultural qualitative designs to examine how AI-driven evaluation tools function in diverse school contexts and to ensure alignment with UNESCO’s global education equity agenda.

Comparative Analysis of the Influence of Credit Risk, Operational Efficiency, and Capital Adequacy on Financial Sustainability in Conventional Banks and Sharia Banks in Indonesia and Malaysia

2025-12-16T07:24:06+07:00

Banking plays a strategic role in maintaining financial system stability, making financial sustainability an important aspect that needs to be analyzed in both conventional and sharia banks. This study aims to analyze the influence of credit risk, operational efficiency, and capital adequacy on financial sustainability, which is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), and to compare it between banks in Indonesia and Malaysia as well as between conventional banks and sharia banks during the period 2021-2024. This study uses a quantitative approach with a comparative study design and utilizes secondary data. The research data sources are official publications from the Financial Services Authority, Bank Negara Malaysia, and the annual reports of each bank. The analysis method used is panel data regression with a multiple linear regression approach and dummy variables to test differences between countries and types of banks. Data processing was performed using Stata/MP software version 17. The results show that partially, credit risk proxied by NPL/NPF and capital adequacy proxied by CAR do not have a significant influence on financial sustainability proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), while operational efficiency proxied by BOPO has a negative and significant influence on ROA. Simultaneously, the variables NPL/NPF, BOPO, and CAR have a significant influence on ROA, with an R2 value of 85.63% of ROA variation explained by these three variables, and an Adjusted R2 of 84.39%, indicating that the model has strong and stable explanatory power. Meanwhile, comparative analysis shows that the financial sustainability of banks in Indonesia is empirically better than that of banks in Malaysia, as evidenced by the t-count of the country dummy variable of 7.63, which is greater than the t-table of 1.999, and a p-value of 0.000, which is less than 5%, so that the difference is statistically significant. Conversely, there is no significant difference between conventional banks and sharia banks, as indicated by the t-value of the bank type dummy variable of -1.30, which is smaller than the t-table value of 1.999, and a p-value of 0.198, which is greater than 5% for the 2021-2024 period.

How Do BPJS Customers Experience Satisfaction? Understanding Positive Service Perceptions in Indonesia’s National Health Insurance System

2025-12-17T05:25:53+07:00

Customer satisfaction is a central indicator of service quality within Indonesia’s National Health Insurance System (BPJS Kesehatan). Yet, while prior research has heavily emphasized patient complaints, service gaps, and systemic challenges, the voices of customers who are satisfied remain understudied. This qualitative study explores how BPJS participants perceive and construct satisfaction based on their lived experiences when accessing health services. Using in-depth interviews with seven BPJS members, six reporting high satisfaction and one reporting medium satisfaction, the study applies reflexive thematic analysis to identify key factors shaping positive service experiences. Findings reveal that satisfaction emerges from three core dimensions: (1) interpersonal care, reflected in empathy, attentive communication, and supportive interactions with healthcare staff; (2) procedural clarity, including smooth administrative processes, predictable service flows, and perceived efficiency; and (3) perceived reliability, especially regarding accurate examinations, provider competence, and trust in the overall care process. These dimensions resonate with broader service quality literature in previous study. Participants also attributed their satisfaction to recent BPJS transformations such as digital access through the Mobile JKN application, queue optimization, and improved transparency. The study further positions customer satisfaction within a social-cognitive lens, suggesting that users’ beliefs, expectations, and prior experiences influence how they interpret service encounters. By centering the experiences of satisfied customers, this study contributes an alternative narrative to BPJS service evaluation, one that emphasizes strengths, effective practices, and relational elements that foster trust and confidence. The findings offer practical implications for sustaining BPJS service reforms and for strengthening human-centered care approaches in Indonesia’s public health system.

Keywords

BPJS service quality; patient satisfaction; customer experience; qualitative inquiry; thematic analysis; public health services; Indonesia; health insurance perceptions

Understanding Gen Y & Z Preferences for Smart Homes: What's the Challenge? A Thematic Analysis of Developers and End-Users in Smart Cities

2025-12-08T17:06:53+07:00

The rise of smart cities has accelerated the development of smart homes; however, adoption among Generation Y and Z remains inconsistent despite their position as the most digitally connected demographics. This study explores the preferences and challenges associated with implementing smart home technologies that meet the expectations of Gen Y and Z. Adopting a thematic analysis approach, the research integrates findings from field observations and in-depth interviews with eight key stakeholders, including developers, property managers, and Gen Y/Z homeowners, in smart city housing projects across the Jabodetabek area, Indonesia. The analysis identifies major challenges such as perceived high costs, privacy concerns, limited awareness, mismatches between design and user needs, and uneven digital literacy. These findings are critically compared with existing literature to highlight persistent gaps between technological offerings and actual user readiness. This study contributes practical recommendations for developers and policymakers, while also providing a theoretical foundation for future research on smart home adoption behavior among digital-native generations.

The Role of Organizational Theory in Enhancing Economic Efficiency in Healthcare Management in Bali, Indonesia

2025-12-03T10:21:51+07:00

Healthcare management in Bali, Indonesia, faces significant challenges in achieving economic efficiency amid rising costs, resource constraints, and a growing population. Organizational theory, encompassing frameworks like contingency theory and resource-based views, offers insights into optimizing structures, processes, and leadership to enhance operational performance. In a region characterized by cultural diversity and decentralized governance, understanding how these theories apply to local healthcare settings is crucial for sustainable development and improved service delivery. This study aims to explore the application of organizational theory in healthcare management to boost economic efficiency in Bali, Indonesia. Specifically, it seeks to identify key theoretical principles that influence cost reduction, resource allocation, and innovation, while examining contextual factors such as cultural norms and regulatory environments that shape implementation. Employing a qualitative case study approach, the research focused on three healthcare facilities in Bali, Indonesia, selected for their varying sizes and operational models. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with 25 stakeholders, including administrators, clinicians, and policymakers, conducted over six months. This was complemented by document analysis of financial reports and policy documents, as well as observational fieldwork to capture real-time organizational dynamics. Thematic analysis was used to interpret data, ensuring depth and contextual richness. The findings indicate that adaptive organizational structures, aligned with contingency theory, significantly enhance efficiency by streamlining workflows and reducing bureaucratic delays. For instance, decentralized decision-making empowered local teams to innovate in resource use, leading to cost savings of up to 15% in studied cases. However, challenges emerged, including resistance to change due to hierarchical cultural norms and inadequate technological integration. The resource-based view highlighted the importance of leveraging local assets, such as community networks, to mitigate financial vulnerabilities. Overall, the study underscores that tailored organizational theories can drive economic gains, though sustained policy support is essential for broader adoption.

Telemedicine Adoption in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Review of Barriers, Opportunities, and Outcomes

2025-12-03T09:19:53+07:00

Telemedicine is increasingly recognized as an effective way to expand healthcare access in low and middle income countries (LMICs), where long travel distances, workforce shortages, and limited infrastructure continue to hinder timely care. Despite its promise, many LMICs still face substantial challenges in implementing telemedicine consistently and at scale. This review synthesizes recent evidence to clarify the barriers that limit successful adoption, the factors that enable progress, and the outcomes observed when telemedicine is applied in real-world LMIC settings. A narrative review approach was used to examine peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025. A structured search across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified 798 articles. After screening for relevance to telemedicine implementation in LMICs, 15 studies were included. Narrative synthesis was then applied to integrate findings and identify recurring implementation challenges, enabling conditions, and reported impacts on patient care and health-system performance. The findings reveal persistent obstacles, including limited internet capacity, unstable electricity supply, unclear regulatory frameworks, and low digital literacy among patients and healthcare providers. At the same time, several positive developments, such as national digital-health strategies, mobile-first platforms designed for low-bandwidth environments, and capacity building initiatives are creating more supportive conditions for adoption. Evidence across a range of clinical areas shows improvements in continuity of care, reduced travel burden, higher patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes comparable to in-person services. However, methodological heterogeneity and limited economic evaluations constrain understanding of long-term sustainability. Overall, current evidence suggests that telemedicine can strengthen health systems in LMICs, provided that sustained investments in infrastructure, governance, and digital competencies are prioritized

The Effect of Product Innovation on the Performance of Culinary MSMEs in Tenggarong

2025-12-12T09:35:37+07:00

Product innovation is a crucial factor in determining the competitiveness of culinary micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Tenggarong, particularly amid increasing market dynamics and intense business competition. This article aims to analyze how product innovation—encompassing menu variation development, improvements in packaging quality, utilization of digital technology, and responsiveness to market trends—affects the performance of culinary MSMEs. Based on a simplified conceptual synthesis of findings from previous studies, innovation is shown to make a direct contribution to increased sales, customer growth, operational efficiency, and business reputation. Culinary MSMEs that consistently implement innovation tend to demonstrate superior business performance compared to those that do not engage in innovation practices. This article emphasizes that innovation is no longer an optional activity but a strategic necessity for culinary MSMEs in Tenggarong to survive and grow within an increasingly competitive business environment.