Intention to Quit of Proactive Health Workers: The Intervening Role of Employee Engagement and the Moderated Mediating Effect of Job Autonomy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47747/ijbme.v3i1.473Keywords:
Proactive Worker, Intention to Quit, Employee Engagement, Job AutonomyAbstract
As a necessary condition for the sustainability and success of teaching hospitals, maintaining proactive health personnel with the ability to be high performers is acknowledged. A few studies have logically clarified and empirically simplified the relationship between proactive employees and intention to quit, which signifies an engaged, proactive tendency to establish actual turnover behavior. However, this study target to resolve these research gaps. This paper predicted that the correlation between proactive health workers and intention to quit was likely mediated by employee engagement and job autonomy as a center point mechanism of motivation. Job autonomy (JA) as a significant framework is expected to buffer the link between proactive health employee and employee engagement. The present article developed a moderated mediated model that incorporates these variables. This study was consistent with previous studies carried out on health workers in Nigerian teaching hospitals. The results of this research help to expose the attrition intentions displayed by conscientious health workers.
Downloads
References
Abdulrab, M., Zumrah, A. R., Almaamari, Q., & Altahitah, A. (2017). The role of psychological empowerment on work engagement: The development of conceptual framework. International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research, 8(6), 1157-1163.
Achmad, A., Fernandes, R., & Taba, I. M. (2019). Welding technology as the moderation variable in the relationships between government policy and quality of human resources and workforce competitiveness. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 10(1), 58–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-05-2017-0019
Albadayneh, G., & Alrawashdeh, E. T. (2017). The impact of Intellectual Capital on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior ( OCB ) in Business Organizations : Field Study on the Jordanian Industrial Companies. International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research, 8(4), 987–997.
Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., Saks, A. M., Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., Saks, A. M., & Albrecht, S. L. (2015). Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage an integrated approach. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 2(1), 7–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-08-2014-0042
Allen, D. G., Weeks, K. P., & Moffitt, K. R. (2005). Turnover Intentions and Voluntary Turnover: The Moderating Roles of Self-Monitoring, Locus of Control, Proactive Personality, and Risk Aversion. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(5), 980–990. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.980
Bakker, A. B. (2011). An Evidence-Based Model of Work Engagement. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 20(4), 265–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721411414534
Bakker, A. B. (2017). Strategic and proactive approaches to work engagement. Organizational Dynamics, 46(2), 67–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.04.002
Bakker, A. B., & Albrecht, S. (2018). Work engagement: current trends. Career Development International, 12(15), 5173–5180. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-11-2017-0207
Bakker, A. B., Tims, M., & Derks, D. (2012). Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human relations, 65(10), 1359-1378.
Bakker, A.B. and Demerouti, E. (2008), "Towards a model of work engagement", Career Development International, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 209-223. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430810870476
Balducci, C., Fraccaroli, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2010). Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale ( UWES-9 ). European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(2), 143–149. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000020
Barrick, M. R., Shaffer, J. A., & DeGrassi, S. W. (2009). What you see may not be what you get: Relationships among self-presentation tactics and ratings of interview and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1394–1411. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016532
Bateman T. S. & Crant J. M. (1993). The Proactive Component of Organizational Behavior: A Measure and Correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior 14(2):103 - 118
Beehr, T. A., Glaser, K. M., Canali, K. G., & Wallwey, D. E. E. A. (2001). Back to basics : Re-examination of Demand- Control Theory of occupational stress. Work & Stress, 15(2), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370110067002
Bergeron, D. M., Schroeder, T. D., & Martinez, H. A. (2013). Proactive Personality at Work : Seeing More to Do and Doing More ? Journal of Business Psychology, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9298-5
Brito, R. P. De, & Oliveira, L. B. De. (2016). The Relationship Between Human Resource Management and Organizational Performance. Brazilian Business Review, 13(3), 90–110. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2016.13.3.5
Caponecchia, C., Branch, S., & Murray, J. P. (2020). Development of a Taxonomy of Workplace Bullying Intervention Types: Informing Research Directions and Supporting Organizational Decision Making. Group & Organization Management, 45(1), 103–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601118820966
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (pp. 295–336) Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement : A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual Performance. Personnel Psychology, 64, 89–136.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
De Gieter, S., Hofmans, J., & Bakker, A. B. (2018). Need satisfaction at work, job strain, and performance: A diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 23(3), 361–372. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000098
Elsaied, M. M. (2019). Supportive leadership , proactive personality and employee voice behavior. American Journal of Business, 34(1), 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJB-01-2017-0004
Fabi, B., Lacoursière, R., & Raymond, L. (2015). Impact of high-performance work systems on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention to quit in Canadian organizations. International Journal of Manpower, 36(5), 772–790. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-01-2014-0005
Farrell, A.M. (2010), "Insufficient Discriminant Validity: A Comment on Bove, Pervan, Beatty, and Shiu (2009)", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 63, pp. 324-327.
Fuller, B., Jr., & Marler, L. E. (2009). Change driven by nature: A meta-analytic review of the proactive personality literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(3), 329–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2009.05.008
Gadi, P. D., & Kee, D. M. H. (2020a). The buffering effect of perceived organizational support on the relationship linking work engagement and turnover intention. Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences (APSS), 6(2), 108–111.
Gadi, P. D., & Kee, D. M. H. (2020b). Workplace bullying , human resource management practices , and turnover intention : the mediating effect of work engagement : evidence of Nigeria. American Journal of Business, 1935–5181. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJB-08-2020-0135
Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A meta-analysis of antecedents and correlates of employee turnover: Update, moderator tests, and research implications for the next millennium. Journal of Management, 26, 463– 488. doi:10.1177/014920630002600305
Gruman, J. A., & Saks, A. M. (2011). Human Resource Management Review Performance management and employee engagement. Human Resource Management Review, 21(2), 123–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.004
Gupta, P. D., Bhattacharya, S., Sheorey, P., & Coelho, P. (2018). Relationship between onboarding experience and turnover intention: intervening role of locus of control and self-efficacy. Industrial and Commercial Training, 50(2), 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-03-2017-0023
Hair, J. F. and Ringle, C. M. and Sarstedt, M., (2013). Editorial - Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, Volume 46, Issues 1-2, pp. 1-12, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2233795
Hair, J.F., C.M. Ringle, & M. Sarstedt, (2011) An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 40, no. 3: 414–33.
Henseler, J., Hubona, G., & Ray, P. A. (2016). Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines. Industrial management & data systems.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. J. of the Acad.Mark. Sci., 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Henseler, J., Ringle, C., & Sinkovics, R. (2009). The Use of Partial Least Squares Path Modeling in International Marketing. Advance in International Marketing, 20, 277-319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
Hobfoll, S. E., Johnson, R. J., Ennis, N., & Jackson, A. P. (2003). Resource loss, resource gain, and emotional outcomes among inner city women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(3), 632–643. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.3.632
Hoole, C., & Bonnema, J. (2015). Work engagement and meaningful work across generational cohorts. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 13(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v13i1.681
Ibrahim, S. N. H., Suan, C. L., & Karatepe, O. M. (2019). The effects of supervisor support and self-efficacy on call center employees ’ work engagement and quitting intentions. International Journal of Manpower. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-12-2017-0320
James, L. R., & Brett, J. M. (1984). Mediators , Moderators , and Tests for Mediation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(2), 307–321.
Jiménez, R. E., Bachelet, V. C., Gomolán, P., Lefio, L. Á., & Goyenechea, M. (2019). Violence and burnout in health care emergency workers in Santiago, Chile: A survey-based cross-sectional study. International emergency nursing, 47, 100792.
Joe F. Hair, Christian M. Ringle & Marko Sarstedt (2011) PLS-SEM: Indeed a Silver Bullet, Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19:2, 139-152, DOI: 10.2753/MTP1069-6679190202
Kubayi, A. (2018). Burnout and Paths to Turnover Intentions among South African Sport Coaches. Monten. J. Sports Sci. Med, 7, 43–47. https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.180907
Kumdi, M. W., Gadi, D. P., & Abbah, M. T. (2017). An evaluation of work performance culture among civil servants in Nigeria. Tax Academy Research Journal (TARJ), 1(1), 165–184.
Kundu, S. C., & Gahlawat, N. (2016). High performance work systems and employees’ intention to leave: Exploring the mediating role of employee outcomes. Management Research Review, 39(12), 1587–1615. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-04-2015-0088
Lartey, J. K. S., Amponsah‐Tawiah, K., & Osafo, J. (2019). The moderating effect of perceived organizational support in the relationship between emotional labour and job attitudes : A study among health professionals. NursingOpen, July 2018, 990–997. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.295
Mackenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, P. M. (2012). Common Method Bias in Marketing : Causes , Mechanisms , and Procedural Remedies. Journal of Retailing, 88(4), 542–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2012.08.001
Malhotra, M. K., Singhal, C., Shang, G., & Ployhart, R. E. (2014). Technical note A critical evaluation of alternative methods and paradigms for conducting mediation analysis in operations management research. Journal of Operations Management, 32(4), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2014.01.003
Mathieu, J.E. and Taylor, S.R. (2006), Clarifying conditions and decision points for mediational type inferences in Organizational Behavior. J. Organiz. Behav., 27: 1031-1056. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.406
Memon, M. A., Sallaeh, R., Baharom, M. N. R., Md Nordin, S., & Ting, H. (2017). The relationship between training satisfaction, organisational citizenship behaviour, and turnover intention: A PLS-SEM approach. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 4(3), 267–290. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-03-2017-0025
Methot, J. R., Lepine, J. A., Podsakoff, N. P., & Christian, J. S. (2016). Are Workplace Friendships a Mixed Blessing? Exploring Tradeoffs of Multiplex Relationships and their Associations with Job Performance. Personnel Psychology, 69(2), 311–355. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12109
Mobley, W. H., Horner, S. O., & Hollingsworth, A. T. (1978). An Evaluation of Precursors of Hospital Employee Turnover. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63(4), 408–414.
Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321–1339. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321
Muldoon, J., Kisamore, J. L., Liguori, E. W., Jawahar, I. M., & Bendickson, J. (2017). Moderators of the personality-performance relationship: An investigation of job meaning and autonomy. Personnel Review, 46(3), 474–489. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-02-2016-0040
Najam U, Ishaque S, Shoukat S, Awan MH, Ansari NY. (2018). interactive effect of CCM between the relationship of work- place bullying, burnout, and turnover intentions. Cogent Bus Management, 5:1-13
Nawaz, M. S., Pangil, F., & Bhatti, M. A. (2015). The Relationship between Human Resource Development Factors and Turnover Intention: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 5(12), 297–310. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v5-i12/1959
Obeid, M., Salleh, Z., & Nor, M. N. M. (2017). The mediating effect of job satisfaction on the relationship between personality traits and premature sign-off. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 21(2), 1-17.
Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2012). Sources of Method Bias in Social Science Research and Recommendations on How to Control It. Annual Review. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100452
Rai, A., Ghosh, P., & Dutta, T. (2019). Total rewards to enhance employees’ intention to stay : does perception of justice play any role ? Evidence-Based HRM: A Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship, 7(3), 262–280. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-07-2018-0045
Rana, S., Ardichvili, A., & Tkachenko, O. (2014). A theoretical model of the antecedents and outcomes of employee engagement Dubin ’ s method. Journal of Workplace Learning, 26(3), 249–266. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWL-09-2013-0063
Ringle, A., Dornhorst, A., Rehman, M. B., Ruisanchez, C., & Nihoyannopoulos, P. (2017). Evolution of subclinical myocardial dysfunction detected by two-dimensional and three-dimensional speckle tracking in asymptomatic type 1 diabetic patients: a long‑term follow-up study, Endocrine-Related Cancer, 4(4), 73-81. Retrieved Dec 14, 2021, from https://erp.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/echo/4/4/ERP-17-0052.xml
Saks, A. M. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement revisited. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 6(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-06-2018-0034
Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for business students (fifth edit). Prentice Hall.
Schaufeli, W.B., Taris, T.W. and Van Rhenen, W. (2008), Workaholism, Burnout, and Work Engagement: Three of a Kind or Three Different Kinds of Employee Well-being?. Applied Psychology, 57: 173-203. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2007.00285.x
Seibert, S. E., Kraimer, M. L., & Crant, J. M. (2001). What do proactive people do? A longitudinal model linking proactive personality and career success. In personnel psychology (Vol. 54).
Sheehan, C., Tham, T. L., Holland, P., Cooper, B., Sheehan, C., & Holland, P. (2019). Psychological contract fulfilment, engagement and nurse professional turnover intention. International Journal of Manpower, 9(3), 212–228. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-08-2017-0211
Simon, L., Arnold, B., Jamie, A., William, H., & Alan, M. (2015). Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage An integrated approach. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 2(1), 7–35.
Singh, M., & James, P. S. (2016). Antecedents and consequence of work engagement: A literature review. International Journal of Applied Business and Economic Research, 14(12), 8635–8656. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
Stevens, B. (2009), “Corporate ethical codes: effective instruments for influencing behavior”, Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 78 No. 4, pp. 601-609.
Tett, R. P., & Burnett, D. D. (2003). A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 500–517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.3.500
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Tummers, L., Kruyen, P. M., Vijverberg, D. M., & Voesenek, T. J. (2015). Connecting HRM and change management: the importance of proactivity and vitality. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(4), 627–640. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-11-2013-0220
Tziner A. & Birati, A (1996) Assessing employee turnover costs: A revised approach. Human Resource Management Review 6(2):113-122. 10.1016/S1053-4822(96)90015-7
Ugwu, F. O., Onyishi, I. E., & Tyoyima, W. A. (2013). Exploring the Relationships Between Academic Burnout, Self- Efficacy and Academic Engagement Among Nigerian College Students. The African Symposium : An Online Journal of the African Educational Research Network The African Symposium : An Online Journal of the African Educational Research Network, 13(2), 37–45.
Vandenberghe, C. and Basak Ok, A. (2013), "Career commitment, proactive personality, and work outcomes: a cross-lagged study", Career Development International, Vol. 18 No. 7, pp. 652-672. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-02-2013-0013
Vermooten, Nicola, Boonzaier, Billy, & Kidd, Martin. (2019). Job crafting, proactive personality and meaningful work: Implications for employee engagement and turnover intention. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 45(1), 1-13. https://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v45i0.1567
Wang, G., Oh, I.-S., Courtright, S. H., & Colbert, A. E. (2011). Transformational Leadership and Performance Across Criteria and Levels: A Meta-Analytic Review of 25 Years of Research. Group & Organization Management, 36(2), 223–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601111401017
Yang, K., Yan, X., Fan, J., & Luo, Z. (2017). Leader-follower congruence in proactive personality and work engagement : A polynomial regression analysis. 105, 2016–2018.
Yongxing, G., Hongfei, D., Baoguo, X., & Lei, M. (2017). Work engagement and job performance: the moderating role of perceived organizational support. Anales de Psicología, 33(3), 708. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.238571
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Paul Dung Gadi, Gontur Silas, Esther Bagobiri

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyrights
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)






