Conceptual Study of the Use of Selfie As a New Tool for Brand Marketing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47747/ijmhrr.v3i3.756Keywords:
selfie, self-congruent, selfie charm, attitude towards influencers, attitude towards the brandAbstract
This paper aims to propose a proposition of selfie effectiveness from influencers that impact the attitude and buying intentions. The method is to review of several articles reveals the phenomenon of selfie marketing and the science of exercise to develop a proposition about the effectiveness of selfies concerning forming positive attitudes and purchasing intentions of a brand. The study produced a conceptual framework based on Stimuli-Organism-Response (SOR) as the basis for the development of propositions that explain the relationship between selfie charm and self-congruence, attitudes toward influencers, and attitudes toward brands and purchasing intentions with social interaction as moderation variables of the relationship between those variables. This paper describes selfies taken by non-celebrities as influencers. The implication of this study is an alternative model that conceptualizes selfie charm and social interaction as two variables that influence the process of forming a brand's buying attitudes and intentions, which marketers need to consider in creating marketing strategies. The phenomenon of selfies that occur today has given rise to a new stimulus, namely the charm of selfies and netizen comments that affect consumer activity in the purchase of a brand.
References
Aaker, J. L. (1997). Dimensions of Brand Personality. Journal of Marketing Research, XXXIV(August 1997), 347–356.
Aaker, J. L. (1999). The malleable self: The role of self-expression in persuasion. Journal of Marketing Research, 36(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151914
Abidin, C. (2015). Communicative ❤ intimacies: Influencers and Perceived Interconnectedness. Ada: A Journal of Gender, New Media, and Technology, 8, 1–15. http://adanewmedia.org/blog/2015/11/01/issue8-abidin/
Abidin, C. (2016a). “Aren’t These Just Young, Rich Women Doing Vain Things Online?”: Influencer Selfies as Subversive Frivolity. Social Media and Society, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116641342
Abidin, C. (2016b). Visibility labour: Engaging with Influencers’ fashion brands and #OOTD advertorial campaigns on Instagram. Media International Australia, 161(1), 86–100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878X16665177
Ahuvia, A. C. (2005). Beyond the Extended Self: Loved Objects and Consumers’ Identity Narratives. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(1), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1086/429607
Ajzen, I. (1975). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211.
Ajzen, Icek. (2011). The theory of planned behaviour: Reactions and reflections. Psychology and Health, 26(9), 1113–1127. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2011.613995
Al-Debei, M. M., Al-Lozi, E., & Papazafeiropoulou, A. (2013). Why people keep coming back to Facebook: Explaining and predicting continuance participation from an extended theory of planned behaviour perspective. Decision Support Systems, 55(1), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2012.12.032
Alhabash, S., McAlister, A. R., Lou, C., & Hagerstrom, A. (2015). From Clicks to Behaviors: The Mediating Effect of Intentions to Like, Share, and Comment on the Relationship Between Message Evaluations and Offline Behavioral Intentions. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 15(2), 82–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2015.1071677
Amos, C., Holmes, G., & Strutton, D. (2015). Exploring the relationship between celebrity endorser effects and advertising effectiveness: A quantitative synthesis of effect size. International Journal of Advertising, 27(2), 209–234. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2008.11073052
Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour : A Meta-Analytic Review E Y cacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour : A meta-analytic review. July 2017, 471–499.
Aron, A., Fisher, H., Mashek, D. J., Strong, G., Li, H., & Brown, L. L. (2005). Reward, motivation, and emotion systems associated with early-stage intense romantic love. Journal of Neurophysiology, 94(1), 327–337. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00838.2004
Arora, R. (1982). S-O-R Enduring , Involvement Response Components of. Journal of Marketing Research, 19(4), 505–516.
Bagozzi, R. P., & Dholakia, U. M. (2006). Antecedents and purchase consequences of customer participation in small group brand communities. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2006.01.005
Bailey, A. A., Bonifield, C. M., & Elhai, J. D. (2021). Modeling consumer engagement on social networking sites: Roles of attitudinal and motivational factors. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59(March 2020), 102348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102348
Baker, M. J., & Churchill, G. A. (1977). The Impact of Physically Attractive Models on Advertising Evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 14(4), 538–555. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224377701400411
Bandura, A. (1989). Human Agency in Social Cognitive Theory. American Psychologist, 44(9), 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.9.1175
Barger, V. A., & Labrecque, L. I. (2013). An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. International Journal of Integrated Marketing Communications, May 2013, 64–76.
Barger, V., Peltier, J. W., & Schultz, D. E. (2016). Social media and consumer engagement: a review and research agenda. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 10(4), 268–287. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-06-2016-0065
Barnier, V. De, & Vallete-Florence, P. (2006). Provocative Sexually Appealing Advertisements: The Influence of Embrrassment on Attitude Towards the Ad. Advances in Consumer Research, 7, 215–222.
Basil, M. D. (1996). Identification as a mediator of celebrity effects. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 40(4), 478–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838159609364370
Bergkvist, L., & Zhou, K. Q. (2016). Celebrity endorsements: A literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Advertising, 35(4), 642–663. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2015.1137537
Berscheid, E., & Elaine Walster. (1974). Physical Attractiveness (Leonard Berkowitz (ed.)). ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Boon, S., & Lomore, C. (2001). Admirer-celebrity relationships among young adults.. Human Communication Research, 27(3), 432–465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2001.tb00788.x
Brodie, R. J., Hollebeek, L. D., Jurić, B., & Ilić, A. (2011). Customer engagement: Conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research. Journal of Service Research, 14(3), 252–271. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670511411703
Buchanan-Oliver, M., Cruz, A., & Schroeder, J. E. (2010). Shaping the body and technology: Discursive implications for the strategic communication of technological brands. European Journal of Marketing, 44(5), 635–652. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561011032306
Caballero, M. J., & Pride, W. M. (1984). Selected Effects of Salesperson Sex and Attractiveness in Direct Mail Advertisements. Journal of Marketing, 48(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251315
Camenos, J. (2018). How to Determine if Your Brand Should Go With a Celebrity Endorser or Influencer. www.adweek.com/brand-marketing/how-to-determine-if-your-brand-should-go- with-a-celebrity-endorser-or-influencer
Chahal, Mi. (2016). Four trends that will shape media in 2016. http://www.marketingweek.com/2016/01/08/four %0Atrends-that-will-shape-media-in-2016%0A
Chaiken, S. (1979). Communicator physical attractiveness and persuasion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 37(8), 1387–1397. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.37.8.1387
Chang, Y. W., Hsu, P. Y., & Yang, Q. M. (2018). Integration of online and offline channels: a view of O2O commerce. Internet Research, 28(4), 926–945. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-01-2017-0023
Chao, P., Wührer, G., & Werani, T. (2005). Celebrity and foreign brand name as moderators of country-of-origin effects. International Journal of Advertising, 24(2), 173–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2005.11072913
Cheah, J. H., Ting, H., Cham, T. H., & Memon, M. A. (2019). The effect of selfie promotion and celebrity endorsed advertisement on decision-making processes: A model comparison. Internet Research, 29(3), 552–577. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-12-2017-0530
Chen, Y., Fay, S., & Wang, Q. (2011). The role of marketing in social media: How online consumer reviews evolve. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 25(2), 85–94.
Chetioui, Y., Benlafqih, H., & Lebdaoui, H. (2020). How fashion influencers contribute to consumers’ purchase intention. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 24(3), 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-08-2019-0157
Choi, S. M., & Rifon, N. J. (2012). It Is a Match: The Impact of Congruence between Celebrity Image and Consumer Ideal Self on Endorsement Effectiveness. Psychology & Marketing, 29 (9)(September), 639–650. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20550
Christodoulides, G., Jevons, C., & Bonhomme, J. (2012). Memo to marketers: Quantitative evidence for change - how user-generated content really affects brands. Journal of Advertising Research, 52(1), 53–64. https://doi.org/10.2501/JAR-52-1-053-064
Cooke, R., & Sheeran, P. (2004). Moderation of cognition-intention and cognition-behaviour relations: A meta-analysis of properties of variables from the theory of planned behaviour. British Journal of Social Psychology, 43(2), 159–186. https://doi.org/10.1348/0144666041501688
Cotter, K. (2019). Playing the visibility game: How digital influencers and algorithms negotiate influence on Instagram. New Media and Society, 21(4), 895–913.
Davis, A. (2013). Promotional Cultures: the Rise and Spread of Advertising, Public Relations, Marketing and Branding. In Celebrity Studies. Polity Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2015.1029807
De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V., & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through instagram influencers: The impact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5), 798–828. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1348035
Dinhopl, A., & Gretzel, U. (2016). Selfie-taking as touristic looking. Annals of Tourism Research, 57, 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2015.12.015
Djafarova, E., & Rushworth, C. (2017). Exploring the credibility of online celebrities’ Instagram profiles in influencing the purchase decisions of young female users. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.009
Eagar, T., & Dann, S. (2016). Classifying the narrated #selfie: genre typing human-branding activity. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9–10), 1835–1857. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-07-2015-0509
Ekinci, Y., & Hosany, S. (2006). Destination personality: An application of brand personality to tourism destinations. Journal of Travel Research, 45(2), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506291603
Erdogan, B. Z. (1999). Celebrity Endorsement : A Literature Review Celebrity Endorsement : A Literature Review. Journal of Marketing Management, 15, 291–314.
Erickson, R. J. (1995). The importance of authenticity for self and society. Symbolic Interaction, 18(2), 121–144.
Eroglu, S. A., Machleit, K. A., & Davis, L. M. (2003). Empirical Testing of a Model of Online Store Atmospherics and Shopper Responses. Psychology and Marketing, 20(2), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.10064
Escalas, J. E., & Bettman., J. R. (2003). You Are What They Eat: The Influence of Reference Groups on Consumers’ Connections to Brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13(3), 339–348. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1303_14
Escalas, J. E., & Bettman., J. R. (2005). Self-construal, reference groups, and Brand meaning. Journal of Consumer Research, 32, 378–389.
Evans, N. J., Phua, J., Lim, J., & Jun, H. (2017). Disclosing Instagram Influencer Advertising: The Effects of Disclosure Language on Advertising Recognition, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intent. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 17(2), 138–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2017.1366885
Fox, A. K., Bacile, T. J., Nakhata, C., & Weible, A. (2018). Selfie-marketing: exploring narcissism and self-concept in visual user-generated content on social media. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 35(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-03-2016-1752
Gannon, V., & Prothero, A. (2016). Beauty blogger selfies as authenticating practices. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9–10), 1858–1878. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-07-2015-0510
Giffin, K. (1967). the Contribution of Studies of Source Credibility To a Theory of Interpersonal Trust in the Communication Process. Psychological Bulletin, 68(2), 104–120. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024833
Gilbert, S. (2014). “The world’s earliest selfies – in pictures.” https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/gallery/2014/jul/21/worlds-earliest-selfies-in-pictures-buzz-aldrin
Goffman, E. (1956). The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. In Academy of Management Review. University of Edinburgh Social Sciences Research Centre. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1989.4279016
Goh, D. H.-L., Ang, R. P., Chua, A. Y., & Lee, C. S. (2009). Why we share: A study of motivations for mobile media sharing. Active Media Technology, 195–206.
Graeff, T. R. (1996). Using promotional messages to manage the effects of brand and self-image on brand evaluations. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 13(3), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363769610118921
Grazer, W. F., & Keesling, G. (2011). The Effect of Print Advertising’s Use of Sexual Themes on Brand Recall and Purchase Intention: A Product Spesific Investigation of Male Responses. Journal of Applied Business Research, 11(3), 47–57.
Grubb, E. L., & Hupp, G. (1968). Perception of Self, Generalized Stereotypes, and Brand Selection. Journal of Marketing Research, 5(1), 58. https://doi.org/10.2307/3149794
Grubb, E. L., & Stern, B. L. (1971). Self-Concept and Significant Others. Journal of Marketing Research, 8(3), 382. https://doi.org/10.2307/3149582
Gunarathne, P., Rui, H., & Seidman, A. (2018). When social media delivers constomer service: differential consumer treatment in the airline industry. MIS Quarterly, 42(2), 489–520. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2018/14290
Gupta, S., & Mahajan, R. (2020). Role of Micro-Influencers in Affecting Behavioural Intentions. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(4S5), 189–192. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.d1045.1284s519
Hackley, C., Hackley, R. A., & Bassiouni, D. H. (2018). Implications of the selfie for marketing management practice in the era of celebrity. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 36(1), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-07-2017-0124
Haryanto, B., Nusantara, A. C., & Budiman, S. (2015). How sexuality in elegance of advertising and congruency of product influence brand evaluation? (the study of consumer behavior using an experimental design approach). Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4p118
He, H., & Mukherjee, A. (2007). I am, ergo I shop: does store image congruity explain shopping behaviour of Chinese consumers? Journal of Marketing Management, 23(5–6), 443–460. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725707x212766
Heider, F. (1946). ATTITUDES AND COGNITIVE ORGANIZATION Fritz Heider ( 1946 ). The Journal of Psychology, 21(1), 107–112.
Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-Discrepancy: A Theory Relating Self and Affect. Psychological Review, 94(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.94.3.319
Horai, J., Naccari, N., & Fatoullah, E. (1974). The Effects of Expertise and Physical Attractiveness Upon Opinion Agreement and Liking. Sociometry, 37(4), 601. https://doi.org/10.2307/2786431
Hosany, S., & Martin, D. (2012). Self-image congruence in consumer behavior. Journal of Business Research, 65(5), 685–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.03.015
Hovland, C. I., & Weiss, W. (1951). The Influence of Source Credibility on Communication Effectiveness. In Public Opinion Quarterly: Vol. Winter (pp. 635–649).
Huang, Y. C., Wu, Y. C. J., Wang, Y. C., & Boulanger, N. C. (2011). Decision making in online auctions. Management Decision, 49(5), 784–800. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741111130850
Hung, K. (2014). Why celebrity sells: A dual entertainment path model of brand endorsement. Journal of Advertising, 43(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2013.838720
Hwang, K., & Zhang, Q. (2018). Influence of parasocial relationship between digital celebrities and their followers on followers’ purchase and electronic word-of-mouth intentions, and persuasion knowledge. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 155–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.029
Ingenhoff, D., & Klein, S. (2018). A Political Leader’s Image in Public Diplomacy and Nation Branding: The Impact of Competence, Charisma, Integrity and Gender. International Journal of Communication, 12(0), 26.
Iqani, M., & Schroeder, J. E. (2016). #Selfie: Digital Self-Portraits As Commodity Form and Consumption Practice. Consumption Markets and Culture, 19(5), 405–415. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253866.2015.1116784
Jacoby, J. (2002). Reconsidered: An Evolutionary Behavior Step in Modeling (Consumer) Behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(1), 51–57. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1201
Jenkins, H. (2008). Convergence Culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. In Social Science Computer Review (Vol. 26, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439307306088
Jin, S. V., Muqaddam, A., & Ryu, E. (2019). Instafamous and social media influencer marketing. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 37(5), 567–579. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-09-2018-0375
Johnson, E. J., & Russo, J. E. (1984). Product Familiarity and Learning New Information. Journal of Consumer Research, 11(1), 542. https://doi.org/10.1086/208990
Joseph, W. B. (1982). The credibility of physically attractive communicators : A Review. Journal of Advertising, 11(3), 15–24.
Kabadayi, S., & Price, K. (2014). Consumer Brand engagement on Facebook: liking and commenting behaviors. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 8(3), 203–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIM-12-2013-0081
Kahle, Lynn R., & Homer, P. (1985). Physical Attractiveness of the Celebrity Endorser: A Social Adaptation Perspectiv. Journal of Consumer Reaserch, 11(March), 954–961.
Kahle, L. R., & Homer, P. M. (1985). Physical Attractiveness of the Celebrity Endorser: A Social Adaptation Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 11(4), 954. https://doi.org/10.1086/209029
Kaikati, J. G. (1987). Celebrity Advertising a Review and Synthesis. International Journal of Advertising, 6(2), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1987.11107007
Kamins, M. A. (1989). Celebrity and Noncelebrity Advertising in a Two-Sided Context. Journal of Advertising Research, June/July, 24–42.
Kamins, M. A., Brand, M. J., Hoeke, S. A., & Moe, J. C. (1989). Two-sided versus one-sided celebrity endorsements: The impact on advertising effectiveness and credibility. Journal of Advertising, 18(2), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1989.10673146
Kay, S., Mulcahy, R., & Parkinson, J. (2020). When less is more: the impact of macro and micro social media influencers’ disclosure. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(3–4), 248–278. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2020.1718740
Kedzior, R., & Allen, D. E. (2016). From liberation to control: understanding the selfie experience. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9–10), 1893–1902. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-07-2015-0512
Kedzior, R., Allen, D. E., & Schroeder, J. (2016). The selfie phenomenon – consumer identities in the social media marketplace. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9–10), 1767–1772. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-06-2016-0363
Keller, K. L. (2009). Building strong brands in a modern marketing communications environment. Journal of Marketing Communications, 15(2–3), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527260902757530
Kelman, H. C. (1961). Processes of opinion change. In Attitude Change: The Competing Views (pp. 57–78). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351315364-8
Kelman, H. C., & Hovland, C. I. (1953). “Reinstatement” of the communicator in delayed measurement of opinion change. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 48(3), 327–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0061861
Khamis, S., Ang, L., & Welling, R. (2016). Self-branding, ‘micro-celebrity’ and the rise of Social Media Influencers. Celebrity Studies, 8(2), 191–208. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392397.2016.1218292
Klein, J., & Dawar, N. (2004). Corporate social responsibility and consumers’ attributions and brand evaluations in a product-harm crisis. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 21(3), 203–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2003.12.003
Kowalczyk, C. M., & Pounders, K. R. (2016). Transforming celebrities through social media: the role of authenticity and emotional attachment. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 25(4), 345–356. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-09-2015-0969
Kressmann, F., Sirgy, M. J., Herrmann, A., Huber, F., Huber, S., & Lee, D. J. (2006). Direct and indirect effects of self-image congruence on brand loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 59(9), 955–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.06.001
Lafferty, B. A., Goldsmith, R. E., & Newell, S. J. (2002). The Dual Credibility Model: The Influence of Corporate and Endorser Credibility on Attitudes and Purchase Intentions. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 10(3), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2002.11501916
Latour, M. S., & Henthorne, T. L. (1993). Female Nudity Attitude Toward the Ad and The Brand, And Implications for Advertising Strategy. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 10(3).
Lazzari, R., & Fioravanti, M. (1978). A n e w scale for t h e adjective check list based on self vs. ideal-self discrepancies. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(2), 361–365.
Lee, E., Lee, J. A., Moon, J. H., & Sung, Y. (2015). Pictures Speak Louder than Words: Motivations for Using Instagram. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(9), 552–556. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0157
Lee, H.-H. M., & Dolen, W. van. (2015). Creative participation: Collective sentiment in online co-creation communities. Information and Management, 52(8), 951–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2015.07.002
Lee, S., & Jeong, M. (2014). Enhancing online brand experiences: An application of congruity theory. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 40, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2014.03.008
Lee, Y., & Koo, J. (2015). Athlete Endorsement, Attitudes, and Purchase Intention: The Interaction Effect between Athlete Endorser-Product Congruence and Endorser Credibility. Journal of Sport Management, 29(5), 523–538.
Lim, W. M. (2016). Understanding the selfie phenomenon: current insights and future research directions. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9–10), 1773–1788. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-07-2015-0484
Lim, X. J., Mohd Radzol, A. R. bt, Cheah, J.-H. (Jacky), & Wong, M. W. (2017). The Impact of Social Media Influencers on Purchase Intention and the Mediation Effect of Customer Attitude. Asian Journal of Business Research, 7(2), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.170035
Liu, M. T., Huang, Yu-Ying, & Minghua, J. (2007). Relations among attractiveness of endorsers, match_up, and purchase intention in sport marketing in China. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 24(6), 358–365.
Lou, C., & Yuan, S. (2019). Influencer Marketing: How Message Value and Credibility Affect Consumer Trust of Branded Content on Social Media. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 19(1), 58–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501
Lueck, J. A. (2015). Friend-zone with benefits: The parasocial advertising of Kim Kardashian. Journal of Marketing Communications, 21(2), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2012.726235
MacKenzie, S. B., & Lutz, R. J. (1989). An Empirical Examination of the Structural Antecedents of Attitude toward the Ad in an Advertising Pretesting Context. Journal of Marketing, 53(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251413
Mackenzie, S. B., & Spreng, R. A. (1992). How Does Motivation Moderate the Impact of Central and Peripheral Processing on Brand Attitudes and Intentions? Journal of Consumer Research, 18(4), 519. https://doi.org/10.1086/209278
Malär, L., Krohmer, H., Hoyer, W. D., & Nyffenegger, B. (2011). Emotional brand attachment and brand personality: The relative importance of the actual and the ideal self. Journal of Marketing, 75(4), 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.75.4.35
Malthouse, E. C., Haenlein, M., Skiera, B., Wege, E., & Zhang, M. (2013). Managing customer relationships in the social media era: Introducing the social CRM house. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 27(4), 270–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2013.09.008
Mangold, W. G., & Faulds, D. J. (2009). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix. Business Horizons, 52(4), 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.03.002
Marwick, A. E. (2010). Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity and Self-Branding in Web 2.0. New Heaven.
McCracken, G. (1989). Who is The Celebrity Endorser? Cultural Foundations of the Endorsement Process. Journal of Consumer Reaserch, 16(December), 310–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-558702-0.50017-0
Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An Approach to Environmental Psychology. MIT Press.
Meikle, G., & Young, S. (2012). Media convergence networked digital media in everyday life. Palgrave Macmillan UK.
Miller, A. G. (1970). Role of physical attractiveness in impression formation. Psychonomic Science, 19(4), 241–243. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03328797
Min, J. H. J., Chang, H. J. J., Jai, T. C., & Ziegler, M. (2019a). The efects of celebrity‑brand congruence and publicity on consumer attitudes and buying behavior. Fashion and Textiles, 6(10), 1–19. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691‑018‑0159‑8 RESEARCH
Min, J. H. J., Chang, H. J. J., Jai, T. M. C., & Ziegler, M. (2019b). The effects of celebrity-brand congruence and publicity on consumer attitudes and buying behavior. In Fashion and Textiles (Vol. 6, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40691-018-0159-8
Munnukka, J., Maity, D., Reinikainen, H., & Luoma-aho, V. (2019). “Thanks for watching”. The effectiveness of YouTube vlogendorsements. Computers in Human Behavior, 93(November 2018), 226–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.014
Nejad, L. M., Wertheim, E. H., & Greenwood, K. M. (2004). Predicting dieting behavior by using, modifying, and extending the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 34(10), 2099–2131. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02692.x
Ohanian, R. (1990). Construction and validation of a scale to measure celebrity endorsers’ perceived expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness. Journal of Advertising, 19(3), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.1990.10673191
Ohanian, R. (1991). The impact of celebrity spokespersons’ perceived image on consumers’ intention to purchase. Journal of Advertising Research, 31(1), 46–54.
Onkvisit, S., & Shaw, J. (1987). Self-Concept and Image Congruence: Some Research and Managerial Implications. Journal of Consumer Mar, 4(1), 13–23.
Osgood, C., & Tannenbaum, P. H. (1955). The Principle of Congruity in The Prediction of Attitude Change. Psychological Review, 62(1).
Oxford Dictionaries. (2013). Oxford Dictionaries Word of the Year 2013.
Pagani, M., Hofacker, C. F., & Goldsmith, R. e. (2011). The Influence of Personality on Active and Passive Use of Social Networking Sites. Psychology & Marketing, 28(5), 441–456. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar
Pancer, S. M., Brown, S. D., & Barr, C. W. (1999). Forming impressions of political leaders: A cross-national comparison. Political Psychology, 20(2), 345–368. https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00148
Park, J., C., & Ferrara, E. (2016). Style in the age of instagram: Predicting success within the fashion industry using social media. In Proceedings of the 19th ACM Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work & Social Compu, 64–73.
Park, C. W., Maclnnis, D. J., Priester, J., Eisingerich, A. B., & Lacobucci, D. (2010). Brand Attachment and Brand Attitude Strength: Conceptual and Brand Attachment and Brand Empirical Differentiation of Two Critical Brand Equity Drivers. Journal of Marketing, 74(November 2020), 1–17.
Paul, J., & Bhakar, S. (2018). Does celebrity image congruence influences brand attitude and purchase intention? Journal of Promotion Management, 24(2), 153–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2017.1360826
Pavlou, P. A., & Fygenson, M. (2006). Understanding and predicting electronic commerce adoption: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. MIS Quarterly, 30(1), 115–143.
Peter, J. P., & Olson, J. C. (2010). Consumer Behavior and Marketing Strategy. McGraw Hill.
Peter, P. J., & Olson, J. C. (2012). Consumer Behavior Marketing.
Peterson, R. A., & Kerin, R. A. (1977). The Female Role in Advertisements: Some Experimental Evidence. Journal of Marketing, October, 59–63.
Phelps, J. E., & Hoy, M. G. (1996). The Aad-Ab-PI relationship in children: The impact of brand familiarity and measurement timing. Psychology and Marketing, 13(1), 77–105. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199601)13:1<77::AID-MAR5>3.0.CO;2-M
Pittman, M., & Reich, B. (2016). Social media and loneliness: Why an Instagram picture may be worth more than a thousand Twitter words. Computers in Human Behavior, 62, 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.084
Pounders, K., Kowalczyk, C. M., & Stowers, K. (2016). Insight into the motivation of selfie postings: impression management and self-esteem. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9–10), 1879–1892. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-07-2015-0502
Powell, H. (2013). Introduction: Promotion in an Era of Convergence. Taylor & Francis.
Presi, C., Maehle, N., & Kleppe, I. A. (2016). Brand selfies: consumer experiences and marketplace conversations. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9–10), 1814–1834. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-07-2015-0492
Qiu, L., Lu, J., Yang, S., Qu, W., & Zhu, T. (2015). What does your selfie say about you? Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 443–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.06.032
Quan-Haase, A., & Young, A. L. (2010). Uses and Gratifications of Social Media: A Comparison of Facebook and Instant Messaging. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 30(5), 350–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/0270467610380009
Reinikainen, H., Munnukka, J., Maity, D., & Luoma-aho, V. (2020). ‘You really are a great big sister’–parasocial relationships, credibility, and the moderating role of audience comments in influencer marketing. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(3–4), 279–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2019.1708781
Rhee, J., & Johnson, K. K. P. (2012). Investigating relationships between adolescents’ liking for an apparel brand and brand self congruency. Young Consumers, 13(1), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1108/17473611211203957
Richins, M. L. (1994). Valuing Things: The Public and Private Meanings of Possessions. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(3), 504. https://doi.org/10.1086/209414
Rokka, J., & Canniford, R. (2016). Heterotopian selfies: how social media destabilizes brand assemblages. European Journal of Marketing, 50(9–10), 1789–1813. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-08-2015-0517
Rossmann, A., Ranjan, K. R., & Sugathan, P. (2016). Drivers of user engagement in eWoM communication. Journal of Services Marketing, 30(5), 541–553. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-01-2015-0013
Rossmann, A., & Sugathan, K. R. R. P. (2016). Drivers of user engagement in eWoM communication Introduction. Journal of Service Marketing, 35(1), 1–5.
Russell, C. A. (2002). Investigating the effectiveness of product placements in television shows: the role of modality and plot connection congruence on brand memory and attitude. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(3).
Sandhya, A. S. (2016). THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT Clarifying the Influence of Management Abstract : 4(12), 89–98.
Schivinski, B., & Dabrowski, D. (2014). The effect of social media communication on consumer perceptions of brands. Journal of Marketing Communications, 22(2), 189–214. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2013.871323
Schroeder, J. E. (2004). Elusive Consumption. Oxford: Berg.
Scott B. MacKenzie, Richard J. Lutz, & George E. Belch. (1986). The Role of Attitude Toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness : A Test of Competing Explanations. Journal of Marketing Research, XXIll(May 1986), 130–143.
Senft, T. M. (2008). Camgirls: Celebrity and Community in the Age of Social Networks. In Lang (Issue 4). The University of California. https://doi.org/10.3983/twc.v3i0.120
Shan, Y., Chen, K. J., & Lin, J. S. (2019). When social media influencers endorse brands: the effects of self-influencer congruence, parasocial identification, and perceived endorser motive. International Journal of Advertising, 39(5), 590–610. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2019.1678322
Sherman, E., Mathur, A., & Smith, R. B. (1997). Store environment and consumer purchase behavior: Mediating role of consumer emotions. Psychology and Marketing, 14(4), 361–378. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6793(199707)14:4<361::AID-MAR4>3.0.CO;2-7
Silvera, D. H., & Austad, B. (2004). Factors predicting the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement advertisements. European Journal of Marketing, 38(11/12), 1509–1526. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560410560218
Sirgy, M. J. (1982). Self-Concept in Consumer Behavior: Some Research and Managerial Implications. Journal of Consumer Research, 9(December), 287–300. https://doi.org/10.1086/208924
Sirgy, M. J. (1985). Using self-congruity and ideal congruity to predict purchase motivation. Journal of Business Research, 13(3), 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(85)90026-8
Smith, N. C., Read, D., & López-Rodríguez, S. (2012). Consumer Perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility: The CSR Halo Effect. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1577000
Smith, S. M., & Petty, R. E. (1996). Message framing and persuasion. Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 22(3), 257–268. http://hjb.sagepub.com.proxy.lib.umich.edu/content/9/2/183.full.pdf+html
Spears, N., & Singh, S. N. (. (2004). Measuring attitude toward the brand and purchase intentions. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 26(2), 53–66.
Stefanone, M. A., Lackaff, D., & Rosen, D. (2010). The relationship between traditional mass media and “social media”: Reality television as a model for social network site behavior. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 54(3), 508–525. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2010.498851
Sundar, S. S. (2008). The MAIN model: A heuristic approach to understanding technology effects on credibility. Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility, 73–100. https://doi.org/10.1162/dmal.9780262562324.073
Sung, Y., Kim, E., & Choi, S. M. (2018). #Me and brands: understanding brand-selfie posters on social media. International Journal of Advertising, 37(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2017.1368859
Taillon, B. J., Mueller, S. M., Kowalczyk, C. M., & Jones, D. N. (2020). Understanding the relationships between social media influencers and their followers: the moderating role of closeness. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 29(6), 767–782. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-03-2019-2292
Thorndike, E. L. (1920). A constant error in psychological ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(1), 25–29. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0071663
Till, B. D., & Busler, M. (2000). The match-up hypothesis: Physical attractiveness, expertise, and the role of fit on brand attitude, purchase intent and brand beliefs. Journal of Advertising, 29(3), X–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2000.10673613
Tran, G. A., & Strutton, D. (2014). Understanding the Acceptance of Mobile SMS Advertising among Young Chinese Consumers. Psychology & Marketing, 31(4), 461–469. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20695
Uzunboylu, N., Melanthiou, Y., & Papasolomou, I. (2020). Hello Brand, let’s take a selfie. Qualitative Market Research, 23(1), 109–121. https://doi.org/10.1108/QMR-12-2017-0183
Uzunoǧlu, E., & Misci Kip, S. (2014). Brand communication through digital influencers: Leveraging blogger engagement. International Journal of Information Management, 34(5), 592–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2014.04.007
Walther, J. B., Heide, B. Van Der, Hamel, L. M., & Shulman, H. C. (2009). Self-generated versus other-generated statements and impressions in computer-mediated communication: A test of warranting theory using facebook. Communication Research, 36(2), 229–253. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650208330251
Wang, J. C., & Chang, C. H. (2013). How online social ties and product-related risks influence purchase intentions: A Facebook experiment. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 12(5), 337–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2013.03.003
Wernick, A. (1991). Promotional Culture: Advertising, Ideology and Symbolic Expression. Sage Publication. https://doi.org/10.2307/3341166
Wiles, J. A., & Cornwell, T. B. (1991). A review of methods utilized in measuring affect feelings and emotion in advertising. Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 13(1–2), 241–275. https://doi.org/10.1080/01633392.1991.10504968
Wiley, D. (2014). Why Brands Should Turn To Bloggers Instead Of Celebrity Spokespeople. https://marketingland.com/brands-turn-bloggers-instead-celebrity-spokespeople-75971
Xu (Rinka), X., & Pratt, S. (2018). Social media influencers as endorsers to promote travel destinations: an application of self-congruence theory to the Chinese Generation Y. Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing, 35(7), 958–972. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2018.1468851
Zhang, J., Zheng, W., & Wang, S. (2020). The study of the effect of online review on purchase behavior. International Journal of Crowd Science, 4(1), 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcs-10-2019-0027
Downloads
Published
Versions
- 2022-12-30 (3)
- 2022-09-26 (2)
- 2022-07-28 (1)
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Endang Hariningsih

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyrights
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)




